ការវិវឌ្ឃន៍

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កាវិវឌ្ឍន៍

ស្ថិតនៅក្នុងពាក់កណ្តាលនៃការរកឃើញនៃជីវសាស្ត្រគឺជីវិតតែងតែមានការប្តូរផ្លាស់និង មានការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍តាមរយះនៃការវិវឌ្ឍន៍ហើយរាល់ទំរង់នៃជីវិតទាំងអស់គឺមានដើមកំនើត ដូចៗគ្នាទាំងអស់។ នៅក្នុងការណែនាំពីវចនានុក្រមនៃវិទ្យាសាស្ត្ររបស់លោកចិន-បាបទីស ដេលាម៉ាក ( Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck )ក្នុងឆ្នាំ 1809។ ឆាល​ ដ្រាវិន ( Charles Darwin (Alfred Russel Wallace )គឺត្រូវបានចង់ចាំថាជាសហនាវិកដែលបានស្រាវជ្រាវឃើញនូវគំនិតដែលបានជួយ ក្នុងការស្រាវជ្រាវនិងការធ្វើពិសោធន៍ជាមួយនិងគំនិតផ្សេងទៀតដែលធ្វើឲ្យមានការវិវឌ្ឍន៍is recognized as the co-discoverer of this concept as he helped research and experiment with the concept of evolution.)^[18] )បានបង្កើតឡើងនូវសមយុទ្ធមួលដែលអាចមានជីវិតរស់បានប្រមាន៥០ឆ្នាំក្នុងប្រតិបត្តិការមួយ ដែលបានបញ្ចេញសំឡេងយ៉ាងច្បាស់គឺធម្មជាតិនៃការជ្រើសរើស។ អាល់ហ្វិត រ៉ូសិលវ៉លិក Evolution is now used to explain the great variations of life found on Earth.

Darwin theorized that species and breeds developed through the processes of natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding.^[19] Genetic drift was embraced as an additional mechanism of evolutionary development in the modern synthesis of the theory.^[20]

The evolutionary history of the species—which describes the characteristics of the various species from which it descended—together with its genealogical relationship to every other species is known as its phylogeny. Widely varied approaches to biology generate information about phylogeny. These include the comparisons of DNA sequences conducted within molecular biology or genomics, and comparisons of fossils or other records of ancient organisms in paleontology.^[21] Biologists organize and analyze evolutionary relationships through various methods, including phylogenetics, phenetics, and cladistics. (For a summary of major events in the evolution of life as currently understood by biologists, see evolutionary timeline.)

The theory of evolution postulates that all organisms on the Earth, both living and extinct, have descended from a common ancestor or an ancestral gene pool. This last universal common ancestor of all organisms is believed to have appeared about 3.5 billion years ago.^[22] Biologists generally regard the universality of the genetic code as definitive evidence in favor of the theory of universal common descent for all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotesorigin of life).^[23] (see: